Auxiliary/modal verbs
The following verbs can act as auxiliary/modal verbs:
ka | Negative | Imperfective |
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śie | Dynamic causative | Perfective | Also means do, make.
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ćê | Static causative, be permitted to | Imperfective | Also means let, allow.
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cu | Dynamic passive | Perfective | Also means get, obtain, receive.
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pè | Static passive | Imperfective | Also means exist.
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jê | Become adjectival verb | Perfective | Also means become.
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śi | Be able to | Imperfective | Also means know something.
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cè | Tend to | Imperfective | Also means be.
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va | Ought to | Imperfective | Also means have.
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źia | Be supposed to | Imperfective | Also means understand.
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nô | Need to | Imperfective | Also means need.
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cia | May | Imperfective | Also means hope.
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vo | Be forced to | Imperfective | Also means put.
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ja | Perfective | Perfective | Also means take.
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mi | Imperfective | Imperfective | Also means stay.
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gu | Inchoative | Perfective | Also means start.
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ma | Attemptive | Perfective | Also means try.
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vè | Atelic cessative | Perfective | Also means stop.
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śo | Telic cessative | Perfective | Also means finish.
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lè | Affirmative | Neutral | Also means see.
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ći | Reportative | Neutral | Also means hear.
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vå | Deductive | Neutral | Also means think.
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guo | Mirative | Neutral | Also means find.
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cy | Dubitative | Neutral | Also means ask. |
Comparative and superlative
The comparative is formed with the adverb
joe.
The superlative is formed with the adverb
kale.
Instances of adjectival verbs with these are formed by applying the appropriate adverb to the adjectival verb and then giving that instance marking.
Things being compared with the comparative (the superlative cannot do comparisons) are in genitive case. Sets of things things are out of are in ablative case.